home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=89TT3168>
- <title>
- Dec. 04, 1989: High Tech's Fickle Helping Hand
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Dec. 04, 1989 Women Face The '90s
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 68
- High Tech's Fickle Helping Hand
- </hdr><body>
- <p>The White House wavers on funding for microchips and HDTV
- </p>
- <p> The change of strategy was so sudden and striking that even
- veteran policymakers were taken aback. After stressing for
- months how important it was for the U.S. to stay competitive in
- high technology, the Bush Administration was getting ready to
- pull the plug on its two most widely publicized high-tech
- initiatives. According to reports circulating in Washington, the
- Administration was determined to cut not only the $10 million
- it had pledged for research into high-definition television, but
- all federal support -- including $100 million in 1991 -- for
- Sematech, the Reagan-era industrial consortium designed to
- catapult the U.S. into the lead in the technologies for
- manufacturing computer chips.
- </p>
- <p> Then last week, amid a chorus of complaints from Congress
- and industry, came the results of two blue-ribbon studies, one
- by the National Advisory Committee on Semiconductors and the
- other by the Economic Policy Institute (EPI). Both concluded
- that what American high-technology industries need is more
- Government leadership, not less. Said Ian Ross, president of
- AT&T Bell Laboratories and chairman of NACS: "Every trend you
- look at is in the wrong direction for the U.S." Next day the
- Administration reversed itself again, denying that it had any
- plans for technology budget cuts.
- </p>
- <p> The high-level waffling was the latest manifestation of a
- debate that has raged within the White House over the proper
- role of Government in what is becoming an increasingly global
- economy. Is federal intervention necessary to tip the scales of
- corporate decision making from short-term gain to long-term
- planning? Can the state stimulate private industry without
- making firms dependent on Government handouts? The Bush
- Administration is torn. Many staff members, at the Commerce and
- Defense departments believe that robust electronics industries
- are vital to the national security and should be fostered by the
- Government. But conservatives led by Budget Director Richard
- Darman argue with equal vehemence that it is counterproductive
- for the Government to try to "pick winners and losers" in high
- tech.
- </p>
- <p> What complicates the issue is that the electronics industry
- is as divided as the Administration on these questions. Even as
- U.S. chipmakers cry for tough Government action to open Japan's
- vast chip market to increased sales of American-made
- semiconductors, U.S. computer makers, who stuff their machines
- with foreign chips, are worried that trade tension could
- endanger their supply. In recent months, joint ventures between
- U.S. and Japanese chipmakers have multiplied at such a rate that
- it is getting hard to tell where one country's interests end and
- the other's begin.
- </p>
- <p> Nowhere is this creeping globalism more striking than in
- high-definition television. Six months ago, American
- electronics manufacturers were using apocalyptic terms to
- describe the race to build tomorrow's TV sets, calling it a
- life-and-death struggle for economic survival. But plans for a
- coordinated U.S. effort quickly got bogged down in arguments
- over technical standards.
- </p>
- <p> By summer, the Administration was beginning to back away
- from HDTV. By September, the Commerce Department had withdrawn
- a proposal for a U.S. initiative. This month several U.S.
- chipmakers announced plans to develop chips for TV sets built
- according to standards set by NHK, Japan's national broadcasting
- corporation. In effect, the companies were agreeing to become
- subcontractors in a technology dominated by Japan. The race is
- not over yet; several U.S. firms are working on promising
- technologies without Government help. But the federal
- cheerleading has stopped. "The matter had been too much
- politicized in the U.S.," says NHK executive Masahiko Ohkawa,
- with evident relief. "I think it's better to cool it down a
- bit."
- </p>
- <p> The problems of the semiconductor industry will be more
- difficult to resolve. Chipmakers are vital suppliers to the
- overall electronics industry, which represents the U.S.'s
- largest manufacturing business (projected 1989 revenue: $300
- billion), bigger than steel, aerospace and automobiles combined.
- But as semiconductor-making equipment becomes increasingly
- sophisticated, the cost of staying competitive may grow beyond
- the capacity of even the largest U.S. firms. Japanese
- semiconductor manufacturers, with the active encouragement of
- their government, are spending 50% more on research and
- development than their U.S. counterparts.
- </p>
- <p> The electronics race is a high-stakes contest. The report
- issued by the EPI last week estimates that the U.S. stands to
- lose 2 million jobs and suffer a $225 billion increase in its
- annual trade deficit by the year 2010 if it does not develop a
- coherent strategy to compete in HDTV and associated industries.
- "The Bush Administration appears content to allow American high
- technology to wither away," complained Democratic Representative
- Norman Mineta of California. "It is as though they woke up one
- morning and decided calmly to throw away our future."
- </p>
- <p> Opposition to U.S. research cutbacks proved too much even
- for Budget Director Darman. By last week he was backpedaling,
- telling reporters that the press accounts of proposed research
- cuts were "totally wrong. Not just 60% wrong, but 100% wrong."
- He refused any further comment, however, and sources within the
- Administration speculate that rumors of R.-and-D. cuts were a
- trial balloon floated by Darman himself -- one that has now been
- emphatically shot down. The funding for Sematech and HDTV
- research is likely to survive, at least until next year. But the
- debate about the proper role of Government in the age of
- electronics is likely to remain every bit as contentious as the
- high-tech race itself.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-